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Assessment Statement 9.3: Reproduction in angiospermophytes 9.3.1 Draw and label a diagram showing the structure of a dicotyledonous animal = pollinated flower. 9.3.2 Distinguish between pollination, fertilization and seed dispersal. 9.3.3 Draw and label a diagram showing the external and internal structure of a named dicotyledonous seed. 9.3.4 Explain the conditions needed for the germination of a typical seed. Seeds require a combination of : oxygen for aerobic respiration water to metabolically activate the cells temperature for optimal function of enzymes for their successful germination. Each seed has its own particular combination of the above three factors. It maybe that in a particular species these processes need to be proceeded by other more specialised conditions such as: fire freezing passing through digestive system of a seed dispersing animal washing to remove inhibitors (beans) erosion of the seed coat (Poppy) The particular conditions required by a seed allows it to ma
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Assesment Statement 9.2: Transport in angiosperms 9.2.1 Outline how the root system provides a large surface area for mineral ion and water uptake by means of branching and root hairs. (a) The monocotyledon root has a fibrous highly branching structure which increases the surface area for the absorption of water. (b) Dicotyledon root structure has a main tap root and often a surface branching root system for the absorption of surface run off. Deeper in the soil the tap root branches to access deeper water and mineral. Behind the apical meristem of the root there is a zone of differentiation of the epidermis called the root hair zone. Root hairs increase the surface area available to the root cell to absorb water. Root hairs: The extension of the cell wall increases the surface area for the absorption of water and minerals at the cellular level. The root hair cell provides both an increase in the cell wall (apoplastic pathway) and the cytoplasmic route (symplastic pathway) for the movem
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Assessment Statements 9.1: Plant Structure and Growth 9.1.1 Draw and label plan diagrams to show the distribution of tissues in the stem and leaf of a dicotyledonous plant. 9.1.2 Outline three differences between the structures of dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plants. 9.1.3 Explain the relationship between the distribution of tissues in the leaf and the functions of these tissues. Tissues: (a) Phloem transports the products of photosynthesis (sugars, amino acids). (b) Xylem transports water and minerals into the leaf tissue from the stem and roots. (c) Epidermis produces a waxy cuticle for the conservation of water. (d) Palisade layer which is the main photosynthetic region. (e) Spongy layer creates the spaces and surfaces for the movement of water and gases. (f) Lower epidermis contains the stomatal pores which allow gas exchange with the leaf. The xylem and phloem tissues combine in the vascular tissue to provide support to the leaf. 9.1.4 Identify modifications of roots, stems
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Basics of My Plant: Heart leaf philodendron (Philodendron scandens oxycardium) Archae Arum family Plant Kingdom These plants are low to medium light plants and are most often seen as houseplants hanging or potted.
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